Reforestation can be used to rectify the effects of deforestation or improve the quality of human life by soaking up pollution and dust from the air, rebuild natural habitats and ecosystems, mitigate global warming since forests. Afforestation is the establishment of a forest or stand of trees forestation in an area where there was no previous tree cover many government and nongovernmental organizations directly engage in programs of afforestation to create forests, increase carbon capture sometimes special tools, such as a tree planting bar, are used to make planting of trees easier and faster. Valid from 23 nov 12 to 03 oct requests for registration can be submitted until 31 may 2014 23. Pdf forest conservation, afforestation and reforestation in india. Explanation afforestation refers to the establishment of commercial tree crops by purposeful planting on land previously not used for tree crops, e. Afforestation and reforestation in the clean development. Ae van wyk department of botany,university of pretoria article type. Difference between afforestation and reforestation compare.
If an afforestation or reforestation project is perceived as being an impediment to local livelihoods, it may create an incentive for illegal harvesting or clearing, also threatening the permanence of carbon sequestration. Reforestation 3 introduction reforestation includes the process of planting or otherwise regenerating and establishing a desired forest community on a given site. Afforestation is the planting of trees to create a forest on nonforest land. Such programs have been widely implemented in many regions, including america, south america, and china. Over the last three decades, almost half of the earths original forest cover has been deforested, and only 20% of frontier forests remained by 1997 bryant et al. Ecosystem level effects of afforestation and reforestation. Planting stock grown from seeds and obtained from cuttings is used in afforestation. However, forest lands that are badly degraded cannot be regenerated unless plants have been planted by. It is different from reforestation, which is replanting trees where a forest has been depleted. Assessment area data file xls northcentral pdf northeast pdf. Reforestation is the natural or intentional restocking of existing forests and woodlands forestation that have been depleted, usually through deforestation.
Pdf this article presents an assessment of the implications of past and current forest conservation and regeneration policies and. China, currently the largest carbon emitter of the world, is also. The scheme of plantation of new forest is called afforestation. Ecosystem level effects of afforestation and reforestation 4. Afforestationreforestation ar requirements the gold standard. The approved methodologies for small scale ar projects are published here. Simplified modalities and procedures for smallscale. Estimated that global forests remove around 3 billion tons of carbon per yearabout 30% of yearly emissions from fossil fuels. Afforestation and reforestation for climate change. Afforestation and reforestation of lands except wetlands version 1 181 kb version number. The selection of afforestation methods is determined by economic considerations and by soil and climatic conditions.
Common reforestation techniques include both natural and. Under this scheme, newly planted forests are carefully supervised to protect against forest fires. Afforestation and reforestation in the clean development mechanism 325 3 social and environmental impact under a laissez faire approach i argue in this section that fast growing industrial plantations are likely to dominate under a laissez faire approach and that their environmental and social implications are likely to be highly variable. Oct 31, 20 afforestation vs reforestation afforestation and reforestation are the converse of avoiding deforestation. Deforestation affects climate change be cause it releases the carbon stored in the plants and soils and al ters the physical prop erties of the surface. Guidebook for the formulation of afforestation and reforestation projects under the clean development mechanism itto technical series 25 by timothy pearson, sarah walker and sandra brown the international tropical timber organization itto is an intergovernmental organization promoting the conservation and sustainable management.
Guidebook for the formulation of afforestation and. She is planting acorns for afforestation reforestation set of young trees trunks in pots. Carbon sequestration is determined using a baseyear approach, where the amount of carbon sequestered is measured relative to the baseyear carbon measurement or previous reporting period carbon. Reforestation 5 considerations r increasing planting complexity may increase planting costs. The effects of afforestation and deforestation on water. The carbon sequestration potential from afforestation in. Difference between afforestation and reforestation. Afforestation and reforestation projects under the clean. But the establishment of new forested areas can endanger other environmental and social services, including biological diversity. Risk assessment of afforestation and reforestation processes. Afforestation and reforestation of lands except wetlands. Afforestation planting trees to mitigate climate change could cause warming rather than cooling globally due to noncarbon effects of land use change, according to new research from the. Entity aie3 under the sectorial scope of afforestation and reforestation, or. Species of trees to be reforested on the landscape the intent of canfors reforestation strategy is to reforest stands back to the natural species that existed prior to harvest through balancing except where indicated otherwise in table 3.
Conversion of forest land into farms, ranches or urban use. Deforestation is the removal of forests or stand of trees where the land is then converted into non forest use. Afforestation stock photos download 1,552 royalty free photos. Afforestation is the establishment of a forest or stand of trees forestation in an area where there was no previous tree cover. Read this article to learn about the afforestation and reafforestation in india. Tree planting for carbon sequestration congressional research service 3 establishing forest stands on the scale needed to achieve a billion tons of co 2 offsets would be a dramatic increase compared to recent activity. Different methods of sowing, such as broadcasting and drill seeding, are used. Should the role of afforestation in climate change mitigation. Afforestation means establishing the stand of trees or a forest in a particular open area where no one had established a tree in past reforestation means reestablishment of the area under forest, it can be done by natural means like seeding, root suckers or coppice or by artificial efforts by planting or direct seeding. May 20, 2020 afforestation is the planting of trees to create a forest on nonforest land. Reforestation is planting trees again in areas where trees have been removed, afforestation is the process of planting trees and forests in areas that have so far not had trees. Reforestation is the direct humaninduced conversion of nonforested land to. Afforestation definition of afforestation by merriamwebster. Afforestation and reforestation projects under the.
Afforestation and plantation forestry plantation forestry for the 21st century peter j kanowski 1 summary plantation forests now comprise around 5 million ha globally, with annual plantation afforestation and reforestation rates nearing 10% of total area. Risk assessment of afforestation and reforestation processes 198 each of the above reforestation processes is slightly different approach, but the main job process is similar. Climate resilient afforestation and reforestation project. The last organized survey of reforestation and afforestation suess aas done y tilinovic 1987. Political goals of afforestation and reforestation 7. Afforestation and reforestation projects should be used to mitigate against natural hazards, wind, storms, landslides, etc. Research is also being carried out to ascertain the type of trees that grow best. An important part of reforestation is the selection of an appropriate tree species or forest community to manage. Afforestation is the direct humaninduced conversion of land that has not been forested for a period of at least 50 years to forested land through planting, seeding andor the humaninduced promotion of natural seed sources. The afforestation and reforestation activities may create possible environmental issues from i inappropriate site selection ii plantation of nonnative species iii monoculture plantations, iv excessive and disproportionate use of fertilizer which will cause. Afforestation set of green plants in flowerpots afforestation in the forest. Proposed new afforestation and reforestation methodologies under consideration. According to the united nations framework convention on climate change unfccc, these terms are defined as direct human induced conservation of non forested lands back to forested lands with the help of activities such as planting, seeding, and human induced promotions of natural. Afforestation and reforestation ar methodologies approved by the cdm executive board all approved methodologies for large scale ar cdm projects are available on this page.
Occasionally forests have the capability to regenerate due to the trees in the surroundings or due to the dispersion of seeds. Reforestation and afforestation carbon sequestration 101. Afforestation and reforestation for climate change mitigation. The carbon sequestration potential from afforestation in ontario. Afforestation vs reforestation the brain bank north west. Afforestation stock photos download 1,552 royalty free. This note applies the business plans methods to calculate potential costs associated with an afforestation program. Nov 24, 2014 afforestation planting trees to mitigate climate change could cause warming rather than cooling globally due to noncarbon effects of land use change, according to new research from the. Afforestation is the process of establishing a forest on land where there is no forest, by planting trees or sowing their seeds and caring continually until the trees grow collectively as a whole into a forest as planned. According to the intergovernmental panel for climate change ipcc, reforestation is the establishment of forest cover in a place, where the forests have been cleared away in the recent past to make way for some other land use such as. Afforestation and reforestation in india your article library. Afforestation means establishing the stand of trees or a forest in a particular open area where no one had established a tree in past reforestation means reestablishment of the area under forest, it can be done by natural means like seeding, root suckers or coppice or by.
Afforestation is expedient to direct forest management to the direction that will step down the current rate of deforestation in the country. Afforestation and reforestation programs provide important mechanisms to enhance carbon sequestration capacity of the terrestrial ecosystem and mitigate the increase of greenhouse gas emission. It is good practice to provide documentation that all afforestation and reforestation activities included in the identified units of land are direct humaninduced. Oplap proposed a large 20year afforestation program, from 2006 to 2025, and described a practical planting schedule. The main purposes for implementing afforestation are commercial forestry and environmental restoration or preservation. The sicilian case study in the mesomediterranean bioclimate, relative soc stock increase with cul tivation abandonment, i.
Consequently, it offers opportunities for various reconstruction processes in comparative analyzes and determination of critical control points. Afforestation definition is the act or process of establishing a forest especially on land not previously forested. Deforestation, selective logging and other human interventions. According to the united nations framework convention on climate change unfccc, these terms are defined as direct human induced conservation of non forested lands back to forested lands with the help of activities such as planting, seeding, and human induced promotions of natural seed. Afforestation article about afforestation by the free. Reforestation is the act of planting new trees where trees have recently been cut down or destroyed. Afforestation and reforestation seek to achieve the goal of new forest growth in slightly different ways.
Reforestation, afforestation, deforestation, climate change and. Reforestation and afforestation share the same meaning i. Afforestation vs reforestation afforestation and reforestation are the converse of avoiding deforestation. This can be achieved by ensuring that deforestation is kept to a minimum and afforestation only occurs on truly degraded land.
General outline and legal basis a ireland recognises that economic, social, environmental and recreational benefits can accrue from a vibrant forestry estate. For the first and second commitment period of the kp, ar activities are restricted to. Basics ar definitions reforestation cdm definition is the direct humaninduced conversion of nonforested land to. Box 3015, 2601 da delft, netherlands received 18 december 1994. Afforestation is the process of planting trees, or sowing seeds, in a barren land devoid of any trees to create a forest. The third conference of the parties to the united nations framework convention on climate change fccc held 111 december. Policy and action standard agriculture, forestry, and. However, possible negative impacts must also be taken into account in order to protect the planet as a whole. Current situation according to data from the 2010 global fra.
Afforestation and reforestation encyclopedia of life. The term should not be confused with reforestation, which is the process of specifically planting native trees into a forest that has decreasing numbers of trees. The effect of afforestation on soil moisture content in. Pdf 2018 definitions of forest, deforestation, afforestation, and. Hall international institute for infrastructural, hydraulic and environmental engineering, p. Afforestation, restoration and regeneration not all. Identify which supersection the project is located in using the assessment area data file. Afforestation is the reverse of deforestation and includes. Apr 25, 2017 both afforestation and reforestation involve growing trees to establish a forest cover on nonforested ground. Afforestation is the act of planting forests where no forest has existed before or where there hasnt been a forest in a long time. Guidebook for the formulation of afforestation and reforestation. Afforestation ct and ny only afforestation offset projects sequester carbon through the conversion of land from a nonforested to forested condition.
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